Code of Conduct for College Staff
mÙkjkapy “kklu
dkÆed vuqHkkx&2
la[;k 1473 A@dkÆed&2@2002
nsgjknwu] 22 uoEcj] 2002
vf/klwpuk@çdh.kZ
^^Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds vuqPNsn 309 ds ijUrqd
(Proviso) }kjk çnÙk vf/kdkjksa dk ç;ksx djds] mÙkjkapy ds Jh jkT;iky] jkT; ds dk;ks± ls lEc) lsok esa yxs ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds çdj.k dks fofu;eu djus gsrq fuEufyf[kr fu;ekoyh cukrs gSa %&
mÙkjkapy jkT; deZpkfj;ksa dh vkpj.k fu;ekoyh] 2002
1&laf{kIr uke& ;g fu;ekoyh mÙkjkapy jkT; deZpkfj;ksa dh vkpj.k fu;ekoyh] 2002 dgyk;sxhA
2&ifjHkk”kk,a& tc rd çlax ls vU; dksbZ vFkZ visf{kr u gks] bl fu;ekoyh esa&
¼d½ ^^ljdkj** ls rkRi;Z mÙkjkapy ljdkj ls gSA
¼[k½ ^^ljdkjh deZpkjh** ls rkRi;Z ,sls yksd lsod ls gS] tks mÙkjkapy jkT; ds dk;ks± ls lEc) fdUgha yksd lsokvksa vkSj inksa ij fu;qDr gksA Li”Vhdj.k&fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fd ,sls ljdkjh deZpkjh dk osru mÙkjkapy dh lafpr fuf/k ls vU; lk/kuksa ls vkgfjr fd;k tkrk gS] ,sls ljdkjh deZpkjh Hkh] ftudh lsok;sa] mÙkjkapy ljdkj us fdlh dEiuh] fuxe] laxBu] LFkkuh; çkf/kdkjh] dsUæh; ljdkj] fdlh vU; jkT; ljdkj dks vÆir dj nh gksa] bu fu;eksa ds ç;kstuksa ds fy;s] ljdkjh deZpkjh le>k tk;sxkA
¼x½ fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh ds laca/k esa] ^^ifjokj dk lnL;** ds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr O;fDr lfEefyr gksaxs%&
¼1½ ,sls ljdkjh deZpkjh dh iRuh] mldk yM+dk] lkSrsyk yM+dk] vfookfgr yM+dh ;k vfookfgr lkSrsyh yM+dh] pkgs og mlds lkFk jgrk@jgrh gks vFkok ugha] vkSj fdlh efgyk ljdkjh deZpkjh ds laca/k esa] mlds lkFk jgus okyk rFkk ml ij vkfJr mldk ifr] rFkk
¼2½ dksbZ Hkh vU; O;fDr] tks jDr laca/k ls ;k fookg }kjk mDr ljdkjh deZpkjh ;k laca/kh gks ;k ,sls ljdkjh deZpkjh dh iRuh dk ;k mlds ifr dk lEcU/kh gks vkSj tks ,sls deZpkjh ij iw.kZr% vkfJr gks% fdUrq blds vUrxZr ,slh iRuh ;k ifr lfEefyr ugha gksxh@lfEefyr ugha gksxk] tks ljdkjh deZpkjh ls fof/kr% i`Fkd dh xbZ gks@i`Fkd fd;k x;k gks ;k ,slk yM+dk] lkSrsyk yM+dk] vfookfgr yM+dh ;k vfookfgr lkSrsyh yM+dh lfEefyr ugha gksxk@lfEefyr ugha gksxh tks vkxs ds fy;s] fdlh Hkh çdkj ml ij vkfJr ugha gS ;k ftldh vfHkj{kk
(Custody)
( ls ljdkjh deZpkjh dks] fof/k }kjk oafpr dj fn;k x;k gksA
3&lkekU;&
¼1½ çR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh dks jkT; deZpkjh jgrs gq, vkR;afrd :i ls lR;fu”Brk rFkk dÙkZO;ijk;.krk ls vius dk;ks± dk fuoZgu djuk gksxkA
¼2½ çR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh dks jkT; deZpkjh jgrs gq, mlds O;ogkj rFkk vkpj.k dks fofu;fer djus okys rRle; ço`Ùk fof'k‘V
(Specific)
;k foof{kr
(Implied)
'kkldh; vkn'kksa ds vuqlkj vkpj.k djuk gksxkA
¼3½ dkedkth efgykvksa ds ;kSu mRihM+u dk çfr”kks/k&
1&dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh fdlh efgyk ds dk;ZLFky ij] mlds ;kSu mRihM+u ds fdlh dk;Z esa lafyIr ugha gksxkA
2&çR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh tks fdlh dk;Z LFky dk çHkkjh gks] ml dk;ZLFky ij fdlh efgyk ds ;kSu mRihM+u dks jksdus ds fy, mi;qDr dne mBk,xkA Li‘Vhdj.k&bl fu;e ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, ^^;kSu mRihM+u** esa] çR;{kr% ;k vU;Fkk dkeokluk ls çsfjr dksbZ ,slk v'kksHkuh; O;ogkj lfEefyr gS tSls fd&
¼d½ 'kkjhfjd Li'kZ vkSj dkeksnhIr ç.k; laca/kh p‘Vk;sa]
¼[k½ ;kSu LohÑfr dh ekax ;k çkFkZuk]
¼x½ dkeokluk&çsfjr QfCr;ka]
¼?k½ fdlh dkeksÙkstsd dk;Z@O;ogkj ;k lkexzh dk çn'kZu] ;k
¼³½ ;kSu laca/kh dksbZ vU; v'kksHkuh; 'kkjhfjd] ekSf[kd ;k lkadsfrd vkpj.kA
¼4½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh ?kjsyw dk;Z esa lgk;rk ds :i esa 14 o‘kZ ls de vk;q ds cPpksa dks lsok;ksftr ugha djsxkA
4& lHkh yksxksa ds lkFk leku O;ogkj
¼1½ çR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh dks lHkh tkfr] iaFk
(Sect)
;k /keZ ds yksxksa ds lkFk leku O;ogkj djuk gksxkA
¼2½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh fdlh :i esa vLi`';rk dk vkpj.k ugha djsxkA
4&d&eknd iku rFkk vkS‘kf/k dk lsou& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh& ¼d½ fdlh {ks= esa] tgka og rRle; fo|eku gks] eknd iku vFkok eknd vkS‘kf/k laca/kh ço`Ùk fdlh fof/k dk n`k tk;sxk tgka ij turk vk&tk ldrh gks ;k mls vkus&tkus dh vuqKk gksA
5&jktuhfr rFkk pqukoksa esa fgLlk ysuk&
¼1½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh fdlh jktuhfrd ny dk ;k fdlh ,slh laLFkk dk] tks jktuhfr esa fgLlk ysrh gS] lnL; u gksxk vkSj u vU;Fkk mlls laca/k j[ksxk vkSj u og fdlh ,sls vkUnksyu esa ;k laLFkk esa fgLlk ysxk] mldh lgk;rkFkZ pUnk nsxk ;k fdlh vU; jhfr ls mldh enn djsxk] tks] çR;{kr% ;k vçR;{kr% fof/k }kjk LFkkfir ljdkj ds çfr /oald gS ;k mlds çfr /oald dk;Zokfg;ka djus dh ço`fÙk iSnk djrh gSA mnkgj.k jkT; esa ^d*] ^[k*] ^x* jktuhfrd ny gSaA ^d* og ny gS tks lÙkk esa gS vkSj ftlus rRle; ljdkj cukbZ gSA ^v* ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh gSA ;g mi&fu;e ^v* ij lHkh nyksa ds laca/k esa] ftlesa ^d* ny Hkh] tks fd lÙkk esa gS] lfgr çfr”ks/k djsxkA
¼2½ çR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og vius ifjokj ds fdlh Hkh lnL; dks] fdlh ,sls vkUnksyu ;k fØ;k
(Activity)
esa] tks çR;{kr% ;k vçR;{kr% fof/k }kjk LFkkfir ljdkj ds çfr /oald gS ;k mlds çfr /oald dk;Zokfg;ka djus dh ço`fÙk iSnk djrh gS] fgLlk ysus] lgk;rkFkZ pUnk nsus ;k fdlh vU; jhfr ls mldh enn djus ls jksdus dk ç;Ru djs] vkSj] ml n’kk esa tcfd dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh vius ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; dks fdlh ,sls vkUnksyu ;k fØ;k esa Hkkx ysus] lgk;rkFkZ pUnk nsus ;k fdlh vU; jhfr ls enn djus ls jksdus esa vlQy jgs] rks og bl vk’k; dh ,d fjiksVZ ljdkj ds ikl Hkst nsxkA mnkgj.k ^d* ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh gSA ^[k* ,d ^^ifjokj dk lnL;** gS] tSlh fd mldh ifjHkk”kk fu;e 2 ¼x½ esa nh x;h gSA 3 ^vk* og vkUnksyu ;k fØ;k gS] tks] çR;{kr% ;k vçR;{kr% fof/k }kjk LFkkfir ljdkj ds çfr /oald gS ;k mlds çfr /oald dk;Zokfg;ka djus dh ço`fÙk iSnk djrh gSA ^d* dks fofnr gks tkrk gS fd bl mi fu;e ds micU/kksa ds vUrxZr] ^vk* ds lkFk ^[k* dk lEidZ vkifÙktud gSA ^d* dks pkfg, fd og ^[k* ds ,sls vkifÙktud lEidZ dks jksdsA ;fn ^d*] ^[k* ds ,sls lEidZ dks jksdus esa vlQy jgs] rks mls bl ekeys dh ,d fjiksVZ ljdkj ds ikl Hkst nsuh pkfg,A
¼3½ ;fn dksbZ ç'u mBrk gS fd dksbZ vkUnksyu ;k fØ;k bl fu;e dh ifjf/k esa vkrh gS vFkok ugha] rks bl ç'u ij ljdkj }kjk fn;k x;k fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkA
¼4½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] fdlh fo/kku e.My ;k LFkkuh; çkf/kdkjh
(Local Authority) ds pquko esa] u rks erkFkZu
(Canvassing)
djsxk u vU;Fkk mlesa gLr{ksi djsxk] vkSj u mlds laca/k esa vius çHkko dk ç;ksx djsxk vkSj u mlesa Hkkx ysxk% ijUrq&
¼1½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] tks ,sls pquko esa oksV Mkyus dk vf/kdkjh gS] oksV Mkyus ds vius vf/kdkj dks ç;ksx esa yk ldrk gS] fdUrq ml n'kk esa tc fd og oksV Mkyus ds vius vf/kdkj dk ç;ksx djrk gS] og bl ckr dk dksbZ ladsr u nsxk fd mlus fdlk tk;sxk fd mlus bl mi fu;e ds micU/kksa dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA Li”Vhdj.k&fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh }kjk vius 'kjhj] viuh lokjh xkM+h ;k fuokl&LFkku ij] fdlh pquko fpUg
(Electoral symbol)
ds çn'kZu ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus bl mi fu;e ds vFkZ ds vUrxZr] fdlh pquko ds laca/k esa vius çHkko dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA mnkgj.k fdlh pquko ds laca/k esa] fjVÉux vf/kdkjh] lgk;d fjVÉux vf/kdkjh] ihBklhu vf/kdkjh] ernku vf/kdkjh ;k ernku DydZ] dh gSfl;r ls dk;Z djuk mi fu;e ¼4½ ds micU/kksa dk mYya?ku ugha gksxkA
5&d& çn'kZu rFkk gM+rkysa& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh&
¼1½ dksbZ çn’kZu ugha djsxk ;k fdlh ,sls çn’kZu esa Hkkx ugha ysxk] tks Hkkjr dh çHkqrk rFkk v[kaMrk ds fgrksa ij çfrdwy çHkko Mkyus] jkT; dh lqj{kk] fons’kh jkT;ksa ds lkFk eS=hiw.kZ lEcU/kksa] lkoZtfud lqO;oLFkk] f'k‘Vrk ;k uSfrdrk ds çfrdwy gks vFkok ftlls U;k;ky; dk voeku ;k ekugkfu gksrh gks vFkok vijk/k djus ds fy, mÙkstuk feyrh gks] vFkok
¼2½ Lo;a ;k fdlh vU; ljdkjh deZpkjh dh lsok ls lEcfU/kr fdlh ekeys ds laca/k esa u rks dksbZ gM+rky djsxk vkSj u fdlh çdkj dh gM+rky djus ds fy, çsfjr djsxkA 5&[k&ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dk la?kksa
(Association)
dk lnL; cuuk& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh fdlh ,sls la?k dk u rks lnL; cusxk vkSj u mldk lnL; cuk jgsxk] ftlds mn~ns'; vFkok dk;Z&dyki Hkkjr dh çHkqrk rFkk v[kaMrk ds fgrksa ;k lkoZtfud lqO;oLFkk vFkok uSfrdrk ds çfrdwy gksaA
6&lekpkj i=ksa
(Press)
;k jsfM;ks ls lEcU/k j[kuk& 4
¼1½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; ml n’kk ds tcfd mlus jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr dj yh gks] fdlh lekpkj&i= ;k vU; fu;rdkfyd çdk'ku
(Periodical publication)
dk iw.kZr% ;k va’kr%] Lokeh ugha cusxk] u mldk lapkyu djsxk] u mlds lEiknu ;k çcU/k esa Hkkx ysxkA
¼2½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; ml n’kk ds tcfd mlus jkT; ljdkj dh ;k bl lEcU/k esa ljdkj }kjk vf/kÑr fdlh vU; çkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr dj yh gks vFkok tc og vius dÙkZO;ksa dk ln~Hkko ls fuoZgu dj jgk gks] fdlh jsfM;ks çlkj.k esa Hkkx ugha ysxk ;k fdlh lekpkj&i= ;k if=dk dks ys[k ugha Hkstsxk vkSj Nne~uke ls] vius uke esa ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr ds uke esa] fdlh lekpkj&i= ;k if=dk dk dksbZ i= ugha fy[ksxk % ijUrq ml n’kk esa tcfd ,sls çlkj.k ;k ,sls ys[k dk Lo:i dsoy lkfgR;] dykRed ;k oSKkfud gks] fdlh ,sls LohÑr i=
(Broadcast) ds çkIr djus dh vko';drk ugha gksxhA
7&ljdkj dh vkykspuk& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh fdlh jsfM;ks çlkj.k esa ;k Nne~uke ls] ;k Lo;a vius uke esa ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr ds uke esa çdkf’kr fdlh ys[; esa ;k lekpkj&i=ksa dks Hksts x;s fdlh i= esa] ;k fdlh lkoZtfud dFku
(Public utterance)
esa] dksbZ ,slh rF; dh ckr
(Statement of fact) ;k er O;Dr ugha djsxk&
¼1½ ftldk çHkko ;g gks fd ofj‘B inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds fdlh fu.kZ; dh çfrdwy vkykspuk gks ;k mÙkjkapy ljdkj ;k dsUæh; ljdkj ;k fdlh vU; jkT; ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; çkf/kdkjh dh fdlh pkyw ;k gky dh uhfr ;k dk;Z dh çfrdwy vkykspuk gks( vFkok
¼2½ ftlls mÙkjkapy ljdkj vkSj dsUæh; ljdkj ;k fdlh vU; jkT; dh ljdkj ds vkilh lEcU/kksa esa my>u iSnk gks ldrh gks( vFkok
¼3½ ftlls dsUæh; ljdkj vkSj fdlh fons’kh jkT; dh ljdkj ds vkilh lEcU/kksa esa my>u iSnk gks ldrh gks % ijUrq bl fu;e esa O;Dr dksbZ Hkh ckr fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh }kjk O;Dr fd, x, fdlh ,sls dFku ;k fopkjksa ds lEcU/k esa ykxw u gksxh] ftUgsa mlus vius ljdkjh in dh gSfl;r ls ;k mls lkSais x;s dÙkZO;ksa ds ;Fkksfpr ikyu esa O;Dr fd;k gksA mnkgj.k ¼1½ ^d* dks] tks ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh gS] ljdkj }kjk ukSdjh ls c[kkZLr fd;k x;k gSA ^[k* dks] tks fd ,d nwljk ljdkjh deZpkjh gS] bl ckr dh vuqefr ugha gS fd og lkoZtfud :i ls
(Publicly) ;g dgs fd fn;k x;k n.M voS/k] vR;f/kd ;k vU;k;iw.kZ gSA ¼2½ dksbZ yksd vf/kdkjh LVs’ku ^d* ls LVs’ku ^[k* dks LFkkukUrfjr fd;k x;k gSA dksbZ Hkh ljdkjh deZpkjh] mDr yksd vf/kdkjh dks LVs’ku ^d* ij gh cuk, j[kus ls lacaf/kr fdlh vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ugha ys ldrkA ¼3½ fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh dks bl ckr dh vuqefr ugha gS fd og lkoZtfud :i ls ,sls ekeyksa esa ljdkj dh uhfr dh vkykspuk djs] tSls fdlh o”kZ ds fy, fu/kkZfjr xUus dk Hkko] ifjogu dk jk‘Vªh;dj.k] bR;kfnA ¼4½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh fuÆn”V vk;kr dh xbZ oLrqvksa ij dsUæh; ljdkj }kjk yxk, x, dj dh nj ds laca/k esa dksbZ er O;Dr ugha dj ldrkA ¼5½ ,d iM+kslh jkT; mÙkjkapy dh lhek ij fLFkr fdlh Hkw&[k.M ds laca/k esa nkok djrk gS fd og Hkw[k.M mldk gSA dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh mDr nkos ds laca/k esa] lkoZtfud :i ls] dksbZ er O;Dr ugha dj ldrkA 5 ¼6½ fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh dks bl ckr dh vuqefr ugha gS fd og fdlh fons’kh jkT; ds bl fu’p; ij dksbZ er çdkf’kr djs fd mlus mu fj;k;rksa dks lekIr dj fn;k gS ftUgsa og ,d nwljs jkT; ds jkf‘Vªdksa (Nationals) dks nsrk FkkA
8& fdlh lfefr ;k fdlh vU; çkf/kdkjh ds lkeus lk{;& ¼1½ mi fu;e ¼3½ ds micfU/kr jhfr ds vfrfjDr] dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; ml n’kk ds tcfd mlus ljdkj dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr dj yh gks] fdlh O;fDr] lfefr ;k çkf/kdkjh }kjk lapkfyr fdlh tkap ds laca/k esa lk{; ugha nsxkA ¼2½ ml n’kk esa] tcfd mi fu;e ¼1½ ds vUrxZr dksbZ LohÑfr çnku dh xbZ gks] dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] bl çdkj ls lk{; nsrs le;] mÙkjkapy ljdkj] dsUæh; ljdkj ;k fdlh jkT; ljdkj dh uhfr dh vkykspuk ugha djsxkA ¼3½ bl fu;e esa nh gqbZ dksbZ ckr] fuEufyf[kr ds laca/k esa ykxw u gksxh %& ¼d½ lk{;] tks jkT; ljdkj] dsUæh; ljdkj] mÙkjkapy dh fo/kku lHkk ;k laln }kjk fu;qDr fdlh çkf/kdkjh ds lkeus nh xbZ gks] vFkok ¼[k½ lk{;] tks fdlh U;kf;d (Judicial) tkap esa nh x;h gksA
9&lwpuk dk vuf/kÑr lapkj& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; ljdkj ds fdlh lkekU; vFkok fo’ks”k vkns’kkuqlkj ;k mldks lkSais x, dÙkZO;ksa dk ln~Hkko ds lkFk
(In good faith)
ikyu djrs gq,] çR;{kr% ;k vçR;{kr% dksbZ ljdkjh ys[; ;k lwpuk fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh dks ;k fdlh ,sls vU; O;fDr dks] ftls ,slk ys[; ;k lwpuk nsus ;k lapkj djus dk mls vf/kdkj u gks] u nsxk vkSj u lapkj djsxkA Li‘Vhdj.k&fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh }kjk vius ofj”B inkf/kdkfj;ksa dks fn, x;s vH;kosnu esa fdlh i=koyh dh fVIif.k;ksa dk ;k fVIif.k;ksa esa ls m)j.k nsuk bl fu;e ds vFkZ ds vUrxZr lwpuk dk vuf/kÑr lapkj ekuk tk;sxkA
10&pUns& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr fd;s fcuk fdlh ,sls /kekFkZ ç;kstu ds fy, pUnk ;k dksbZ vU; foÙkh; lgk;rk ekax ldrk gS ;k Lohdkj dj ldrk gS ;k mlds bdV~Bk djus esa Hkkx ys ldrk gS] ftldk lEcU?k MkDVjh lgk;rk] f’k{kk ;k lkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk ds vU; mn~ns’;ksa ls gks] fdUrq mls bl ckr dh vuqefr ugha gS fd og blds vfrfjDr fdlh Hkh vU; ç;kstu ds fy, pUnk] vkfn ekaxsA mnkgj.k dksbZ Hkh ljdkjh deZpkjh] jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr fd;s fcuk turk ds mi;ksx ds fy, fdlh uydwi
(Tubewell)
ds cs/ku ds fy, ;k fdlh lkoZtfud ?kkV ds fuekZ.k ;k ejEer ds fy,] pUnk tek ugha dj ldrk
11&HksaV& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; ml n'kk ds tcfd mlus jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr dj yh gks& ¼d½ Lo;a viuh vksj ls ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dh vksj ls] fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls] tks mldk fudV&lEcU/kh u gks] çR;{kr% ;k vçR;{kr% dksbZ HksaV] vuqxzg&/ku] iqjLdkj Lohdkj ugha djsxk] ;k ¼[k½ vius ifjokj ds fdlh ,sls lnL; dks] tks ml ij vkfJr gks] fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls] tks mldk fudV&lEcU/kh u gks] dksbZ HksaV] vuqxzg] /ku ;k iqjLdkj Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr ugha nsxk % 6 ijUrq og fdlh tkrh; fe=
(Personal friend) ls ljdkjh deZpkjh ds ewyosru dk nlka’k ;k mlls de ewY; dk ,d fookgksigkj ;k fdlh jhfrd volj ij brus gh ewY; dk ,d migkj Lohdkj dj ldrk gS ;k vius ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; dks mls Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr ns ldrk gSA fdUrq lHkh ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dks pkfg, fd os bl çdkj ds migkjksa ds fn, tkus dks Hkh jksdus dk Hkjld ç;Ru djsaA mnkgj.k ,d dLcs ds ukxfjd ;g fu'p; djrs gSa fd ^d* dks] tks ,d lc e.Myh; vf/kdkjh gS] ckk tk;sxk fd og bl fu;e ds vFkZ esa yxh gqbZ iwaft;ksa esa lV~Vk yxkrk gSA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ ç’u mBrk gS fd dksbZ çfrHkwfr ;k yxh gqbZ iwath] mi fu;e ¼1½ esa fuÆn”V Lo:i dh gS vFkok ugha] rks ml ij ljdkj }kjk fn;k x;k fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA
19&yxkbZ gqbZ iwaft;ka& ¼1½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] u rks dksbZ iwath bl çdkj Lo;a yxk;sxk vkSj u viuh iRuh ;k vius ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; dks yxkus nsxkA ftlls mlds ljdkjh dÙkZO;ksa ds ifjikyu esa my>u ;k çHkko iM+us dh laHkkouk gksA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ ç'u mBrk gS fd dksbZ çfrHkwfr ;k yxh gqbZ iwath mi;qZDr Lo:i dh gS vFkok ugha] rks ml ij ljdkj }kjk fn;k x;k fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA mnkgj.k dksbZ ftyk tt] ml ftys esa ftlesa og rSukr gS] viuh iRuh ;k vius iq= dks] dksbZ flusekx`g [kksyus] ;k mlesa dksbZ fgLlk [kjhnus dh vuqefr ugha nsxkA
20&m/kkj nsuk vkSj m/kkj ysuk&
¼1½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; ml n’kk ds tcfd mlus leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr dj yh gks] fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks ftlds ikl mlds çkf/kdkj dh LFkkuh; lhekvksa ds Hkhrj] dksbZ Hkwfe ;k cgqewY; lEifÙk gks] #i;k m/kkj ugha nsxk vkSj u fdlh O;fDr dks C;kt ij #i;k m/kkj nsxk% ijUrq dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] fdlh vljdkjh ukSdj dks vfxze :i ls osru ns ldrk gS] ;k bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fd ,slk O;fDr ¼mldk fe= ;k laca/kh½ mlds çkf/kdkj dh LFkkuh; lhekvksa ds Hkhrj dksbZ Hkwfe j[krk gS] og vius fdlh tkrh; fe= ;k laca/kh dks] fcuk C;kt ds] ,d NksVh jde okyk _.k ns ldrk gSA
¼2½ dksbZ Hkh ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; fdlh cSad] lgkdjh lfefr ;k vPNh lk[k okyh QeZ ds lkFk lk/kkj.k O;kikj Øe ds vuqlkj u rks fdlh O;fDr ls] vius LFkkuh; çkf/kdkj dh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj] #i;k m/kkj ysxk] vkSj u vU;Fkk vius dks ,slh fLFkfr esa j[ksxk ftlls og ml O;fDr ds foÙkh; ca/ku (Pecuniary obligation) ds vUrxZr gks tk;s] vkSj u og flok; ml n’kk ds tc fd mlus leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr dj yh gks] vius ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; dks bl çdkj dk O;ogkj djus dh vuqefr nsxk% ijUrq dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] fdlh tkrh; fe= (Personal friend) ;k laca/kh ls] vius nks ekg ds ewy osru ;k mlls de ewY; dk fcuk C;kt okyk ,d NksVh jde dk ,d furkUr vLFkk;h _.k Lohdkj dj ldrk gS ;k fdlh okLrfod (Bona-fide) O;kikjh ds lkFk m/kkj&ys[kk pyk ldrk gSA
¼3½ tc dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] bl çdkj ds fdlh in ij fu;qfDr ;k LFkkukUrj.k ij Hkstk tk; ftlesa mlds }kjk mi fu;e ¼1½ ;k mi fu;e ¼2½ ds fdUgha micU/kksa dk mYya?ku fufgr gks] rks og rqjUr gh leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dks mDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh fjiksVZ Hkst nsxk] vkSj mlds ckn ,sls vkns’kksa ds vuqlkj dk;Z djsxk ftUgsa leqfpr çkf/kdkjh nsaA
¼4½ ,sls ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dh n’kk esa] tks jktif=r inkf/kdkjh gSa] leqfpr çkf/kdkjh jkT; ljdkj gksxh vkSj] nwljs ekeyksa esa] dk;kZy;k/;{k leqfpr çkf/kdkjh gksxkA
21&fnokfy;k vkSj vH;klh _.kxzLrrk (Habitual indebtedness)& 10 ljdkjh deZpkjh] vius tkrh; ekeyksa dk ,slk çcU/k djsxk ftlls og vH;klh _.kxzLrrk ls ;k fnokfy;k gksus ls cp ldsA ,sls ljdkjh deZpkjh dks] ftlds fo#) mlds fnokfy;k gksus ds laca/k esa dksbZ fof/kd dk;Zokgh py jgh gks] mls pkfg, fd og rqjUr gh ml dk;kZy; ;k foHkkx ds v/;{k dks] ftlesa og lsok;ksftr gks] lc ckrksa dh fjiksVZ Hkst nsaA
22&py] vpy rFkk cgqewY; lEifÙk&
¼1½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] flok; ml n’kk ds tc fd leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dks bldh iwoZ tkudkjh gks] ;k rks Lo;a vius uke ls ;k vius ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; ds uke ls] iV~Vk] jsgu] Ø;] foØ; ;k HksaV }kjk ;k vU;Fkk] u rks dksbZ vpy lEifÙk vÆtr djsxk vkSj u mls cspsxk % ijUrq fdlh ,sls O;ogkj ds fy;s] tks fdlh fu;fer vkSj [;kfrçkIr
(Reputed)
O;kikjh ls fHkUu O;fDr }kjk lEikfnr fd;k x;k gks] leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr djuk vko’;d gksxkA mnkgj.k ^d*] tks ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh gS] ,d edku [kjhnus dk çLrko djrk gSA mls leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dks bl çLrko dks lwpuk ns nsuh pkfg;sA ;fn og O;ogkj] fdlh fu;fer vkSj [;kfrçkIr O;kikjh ls fHkUu O;fDr }kjk lEikfnr fd;k tkuk gS] rks ^d* dks pkfg, fd og leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ LohÑfr Hkh çkIr dj ysA ;gh çfØ;k ml n’kk esa Hkh ykxw gksxh tc ^d* viuk edku cspus dk çLrko djsA
¼2½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh tks vius ,d ekl ds osru vFkok 5]000 #0] tks Hkh de gks] ls vf/kd ewY; dh fdlh py lEifÙk ds laca/k esa Ø;&foØ; ds :i esa ;k vU; çdkj ls dksbZ O;ogkj djrk gS rks ,sls O;ogkj dh fjiksVZ rqjUr leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dks djsxk% çfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh flok; fdlh [;kfrçkIr O;kikjh ;k vPNh lk[k ds vfHkdrkZ ds lkFk ;k }kjk ;k leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ LohÑfr ls] bl çdkj dk dksbZ O;ogkj ugha djsxkA mnkgj.k ¼i½ ^d*] tks ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh gS ftldk ekfld osru N% lkS #i;k gS vkSj og lkr lkS #i;s dk Vsi fjdkMZj [kjhnrk gS] ;k ¼ii½ ^[k* tks ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh gS ftldk ekfld osru nks gtkj #i;k gS vkSj iUæg lkS #i;s esa eksVj csprk gS] fdlh Hkh n'kk esa ^d* ;k ^[k* dks bl ekeys dh fjiksVZ leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dks vo’; djuh pkfg;sA ;fn O;ogkj fdlh [;kfr çkIr O;kikjh ls fHkUu çdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS rks mls leqfpr çkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ LohÑfr Hkh vko';d çkIr dj ysuh pkfg;sA
¼3½ çFke fu;qfDr ds le; vkSj rnqijkUr gj ikap o”kZ dh vof/k chrus ij] çR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh] lkekU; :i ls fu;qfDr djus okys çkf/kdkjh dks] ,slh lHkh vpy lEifÙk dh ?kks”k.kk djsxk ftldk og Lo;a Lokeh gks] ftls mlus Lo;a vÆtr fd;k gks ;k ftls mlus nku ds :i esa ik;k gks ;k ftls og iV~Vk ;k jsgu ij j[ks gks] vkSj ,sls fgLlksa dh ;k vU; yxh gqbZ iwaft;ksa dh ?kks‘k.kk djsxk] ftUgsa og le;≤ ij j[ks ;k vÆtr djs] ;k mldh iRuh] ;k mlds lkFk jgus okys ;k fdlh çdkj Hkh ml ij vkfJr mlds ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; }kjk j[kh xbZ gks ;k vÆtr dh xbZ gksA bu ?kks‘k.kkvksa esa lEifÙk] fgLlksa vkSj vU; yxh gqbZ iwaft;ksa ds iwjs O;ksjs fn;s tkus pkfg;sA
¼4½ leqfpr çkf/kdkjh] lkekU; ;k fo'ks‘k vkns’k }kjk] fdlh Hkh le;] fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh dks ;g vkns'k ns ldrk gS fd og vkns’k esa fuÆn‘V vof/k ds Hkhrj] ,slh py ;k vpy lEifÙk dk] tks mlds ikl vFkok mlds ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; ds ikl jgh gks ;k vÆtr dh xbZ gks] vkSj tks vkns’k esa fuÆn”V gks] ,d lEiw.kZ fooj.ki= çLrqr djsA ;fn leqfpr çkf/kdkjh ,slh vkKk ns rks ,sls 11 fooj.k i= esa] mu lk/kuksa
(Means)
ds ;k ml rjhds
(Source)
ds O;ksjs Hkh lfEefyr gksa] ftuds }kjk ,slh lEifÙk vÆtr dh xbZ FkhA
¼5½ leqfpr çkf/kdkjh& ¼d½ jkT; lsok ls lacaf/kr fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh ds çlax esa] mi fu;e ¼1½ rFkk ¼4½ ds ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk] jkT; ljdkj rFkk mi fu;e ¼2½ ds fufeÙk foHkkxk/;{k gksaxsA ¼[k½ vU; ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds çlax esa mi fu;e ¼1½ ls ¼4½ rd ds ç;kstuksa ds fufeÙk] foHkkxk/;{k gksaxsA
23&ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds dk;ks± rFkk pfj= dk çfrleFkZu
(Vindication)
& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh flok; ml n’kk esa tc fd mlus ljdkj dh iwoZ LohÑfr çkIr dj yh gks] fdlh ,sls ljdkjh dk;Z dk] tks çfrdwy vkykspuk ;k ekugkfudkjh vk{ksi dk fo”k; cu x;k gks] ds çfr& leFkZu djus ds fy;s] fdlh lekpkj&i= dh ‘kj.k ugha ysxkA Li‘Vhdj.k&bl fu;e dh fdlh ckr ds laca/k esa ;g ugha le>k tk;sxk fd fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh dks] vius tkrh; pfj= dk ;k mlds }kjk futh :i esa fd;s x;s fdlh dk;Z dk çfrleFkZu djus ls çfr”ks/k fd;k tkrk gSA
24&vljdkjh ;k vU; okg~; çHkko
(Outside influence) dk erkFkZu& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh viuh lsok ls lEcfU/kr fgrksa ls lEc) fdlh ekeys esa dksbZ jktuhfrd ;k vU; okg~; lk/kuksa ls u rks Lo;a vkSj u gh vius dqVqEc ds fdlh lnL; }kjk dksbZ çHkko Mkysxk ;k çHkko Mkyus dk ç;kl djsxkA Li‘Vhdj.k&ljdkjh deZpkjh dh ;FkkfLFkfr iRuh ;k ifr ;k vU; lEcU/kh }kjk fd;k x;k dksbZ dk;Z tks bl fu;e dh O;kfIr ds vUrxZr gks] ds laca/k esa] tc rd fd blds foijhr çekf.kr u gks tk;] ;g ekuk tk;sxk fd og dk;Z lEcfU/kr deZpkjh dh çsj.kk ;k ekSu LohÑfr ls fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ^d*] ,d ljdkjh deZpkjh gS vkSj ^[k*] ^d* ds dqVqEc dk ,d lnL; gS] ^x* ,d jktuhfrd ny gS vkSj ^x* ds vUrxZr ^?k* ,d laxBu gSA ^[k* us ^x* esa i;kZIr [;kfr çkIr dj yh vkSj ^?k* esa ,d inkf/kdkjh gks x;kA ^?k* ds }kjk ^[k* us ^d* dh ckr dk leFkZu djuk çkjEHk fd;k ;gka rd fd ^[k* us ^d* ds mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fo#) ladYi çLrqr fd;kA ^[k* dk ;g dk;Z mi;qZDr fu;e ds micU/kksa dk mYya?ku gksxk vkSj mlds lEcU/k esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og ^d* dh çsj.kk ;k mldh ekSu LohÑfr ls fd;k x;k gS] tc rd fd ^d* ;g u çekf.kr dj ns fd ,slk ugha FkkA
24&d&^^ljdkjh lsodksa }kjk vH;kosnu& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh flok; mfpr ek/;e ls vkSj ,sls funsZ'kkksa ds vuqlkj ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj le;≤ ij tkjh djs] O;fDrxr :i ls ;k vius ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; ds ek/;e ls ljdkj vFkok fdlh vU; çkf/kdkjh dks dksbZ vH;kosnu ugha djsxkA fu;e 24 dk Li‘Vhdj.k bl fu;e ij Hkh ykxw gksxkA**
25&vukf/kÑr foÙkh; O;oLFkk,a&
dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh fdlh vU; ljdkjh deZpkjh ds lkFk ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr ds lkFk] dksbZ ,slh foÙkh; O;oLFkk ugha djsxk ftlls nksuksa esa fdlh ,d dks ;k nksuksa gh vukf/kÑr :i ls ;k rRle; 12 ço`Ùk fdlh fu;e ds fof'k‘V (Specific) ;k foof{kr (Implied)
micU/kksa ds fo#) fdlh çdkj dk ykHk gksA mnkgj.k ¼1½ ^d*] fdlh dk;kZy; esa ,d lhfu;j DydZ gS] vkSj LFkkukiUu :i ls inksUufr ikus dk vf/kdkjh gSA ^d* dks bl ckr dk Hkjkslk ugha gS fd og ml LFkkukiUu in ds vius dÙkZO;ksa dk larks”ktud :i ls fuoZgu dj ldrk gSA ^[k* tks ,d twfu;j DydZ gS] dqN foÙkh; çfrQy dks n`f”V esa j[kdj ^d* dks futh rkSj ij enn nsus dks rS;kj gksrk gSA rn~uqlkj ^d* vkSj ^[k* foÙkh; O;oLFkk djrs gSaA nksuks gh bl çdkj fu;e [kf.Mr djrs gSaA ¼2½ ;fn ^d*] tks fdlh dk;kZy; dk v/kh{kd gS] NqV~Vh ij tk;] rks [k] tks dk;kZy; dk lcls lhfu;j vflLVsUV gS] LFkkukiUu :i ls dk;Z djus dk volj ik tk;sxkA ;fn d] [k ds lkFk] LFkkukiUu HkÙks esa ,d fgLlk ysus dh O;oLFkk djus ds i'pkr~ NqV~Vh ij tk;] rks d vkSj [k nksuks gh fu;e [kf.Mr djsaxsA
26&cgq&fookg&
¼1½ dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] ftldh ,d iRuh thfor gS] rRle; ykxw fdlh Loh; fof/k ds v/khu fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ vuqefr ds fcuk nwljk fookg ugha djsxk( ¼2½ dksbZ efgyk ljdkjh deZpkjh] jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ vuqefr ls fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls] ftldh ,d iRuh thfor gks] fookg ugha djsxhA
27&lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dk leqfpr ç;ksx& dksbZ ljdkjh lsod yksd drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu gsrq ljdkj }kjk mls çnÙk lqfo/kkvksa dk nq#i;ksx vFkok vlko/kkuh iwoZd ç;ksx ugha djsxkA mnkgj.k ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds fufeÙk ftu lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gS] muesa eksVj] VsyhQksu] fuokl&LFkku] QuhZpj] vnZyh] ys[ku&lkexzh vkfn dh O;oLFkk lfEefyr gSA bu oLrqvksa ds nq#i;ksx ds vFkok muds vlko/kkuh iwoZd ç;ksx fd;s tkus ds mnkgj.k fuEu gSa %& ¼1½ ljdkjh deZpkjh ds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ;k mlds vfrfFk;ksa }kjk] ljdkjh O;; ij] ljdkjh okguksa dk ç;ksx djuk ;k vU; vljdkjh dk;Z ds fy;s mudk ç;ksx djuk] ¼2½ ,sls ekeyksa esa] ftudk lEcU/k ljdkjh dk;Z ls ugha gS] ljdkjh O;; ij] VsyhQksu] Vªaddky djuk] ¼3½ ljdkjh fuokl&LFkkuksa vkSj QuhZpj ds çfr mis{kk cjruk rFkk leqfpr :i ls j{kk djus esa vlQy jguk] vkSj ¼4½ vljdkjh dk;Z ds fy;s ljdkjh ys[ku&lkexzh dk ç;ksx djukA
28&[kjhnkfj;ksa ds fy;s ewY; nsuk& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] ml le; rd tc rd fd fdLrksa esa ewY; nsuk çFkkuqlkj
(Customary) ;k fo’ks”k :i ls micfU/kr u gks ;k tc rd fd fdlh okLrfod (Bona fide) O;kikjh ds ikl mldk m/kkj&ys[kk
(Credit account) [kqyk u gks] mu oLrqvksa dk] ftUgsa mlus [kjhnk gks] ;k ,slh [kjhnkfj;ka mlus nkSjs ij ;k vU;Fkk dh gksa] 'kh?kz vkSj iw.kZ ewY; nsuk jksds ugha j[ksxkA
29&fcuk ewY; fn;s lsokvksa dk mi;ksx djuk& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] fcuk ;Fkksfpr vkSj i;kZIr ewY; fn;s fcuk fdlh ,slh lsok ;k vkeksn (Entertainment)
dk Lo;a ç;ksx ugha djsxk ftlds fy;s dksbZ fdjk;k ;k ewY; ;k ços'k 'kqYd fy;k tkrk gksA 13 mnkgj.k tc rd ,slk djuk dÙkZO; ds ,d ek= ds :i esa fu/kkZfjr u fd;k x;k gks] dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh& ¼1½ fdlh Hkh fdjk;s ij pyus okyh okgu esa fcuk ewY; fn;s ;k=k ugha djsxk] ¼2½ fcuk ços'k 'kqYd fn;s flusek 'kks ugha ns[ksxkA
30&nwljksa dh lokjh okgu ç;ksx esa ykuk& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] fcuk fo'ks‘k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] fdlh ,slh lokjh okgu dks ç;ksx ugha djsxk tks fdlh vljdkjh O;fDr dh gks ;k fdlh ,sls ljdkjh deZpkjh dh gks] tks mlds v/khu gksA
31&v/khuLFk deZpkfj;ksa ds tfj;s [kjhnkfj;ka& dksbZ ljdkjh deZpkjh] fdlh ,sls ljdkjh deZpkjh ls]tks mlds v/khu gks] viuh vksj ls ;k viuh iRuh ;k vius ifjokj ds vU; lnL; dh vksj ls] pkgs vfxze Hkqxrku djus ij ;k vU;Fkk] mlh ‘kgj esa ;k fdlh nwljs 'kgj esa] [kjhnkfj;ka djus ds fy;s u rks Lo;a dgsxk vkSj u viuh iRuh dks ;k vius ifjokj ds fdlh ,sls vU; lnL; dks] tks mlds lkFk jg jgk gks] dgus dh vuqefr nsxk% ijUrq ;g fu;e mu [kjhnkfj;ksa ij ykxw ugha gksxk ftUgsa djus ds fy;s ljdkjh deZpkjh ls lEc) fuEudksfV ds deZpkjh oxZ ls dgk tk;A mnkgj.k ^d*] ,d fMIVh dysDVj gSA ^[k*] mDr fMIVh dysDVj ds v/khu ,d rglhynkj gSA ^d* dks pkfg;s fd og viuh iRuh dks bl ckr dh vuqefr u ns fd og ^[k* ls dgs fd og mlds fy;s diM+k [kjhnok nsA
32&fuoZpu
(Interpretation)
& ;fn bu fu;eksa ds fuoZpu ls lacaf/kr dksbZ ç'u mRiUu gksrk gS] rks mls ljdkj dks lUnÆHkr djuk gksxk rFkk ljdkj dk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkA 33&fujlu
(Repeal)
rFkk viokn
(Saving)& bu fu;eksa ds çkjEHk gksus ls Bhd iwoZ ço`Ùk dksbZ Hkh fu;e] tks bu fu;eksa ds rRLFkkuh Fks vkSj tks mÙkjkapy çns’k dh ljdkj ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ij ykxw gksrs Fks] ,rn~}kjk fujLr fd;s tkrs gSa % fdUrq çfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl çdkj fujflr fd;s x;s fu;eksa ds v/khu tkjh gq, fdlh vkns’k ;k dh xbZ fdlh dk;Zokgh ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd og vkns’k ;k dk;Zokgh bu fu;eksa ds rRLFkkuh micU/kksa ds v/khu tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk ;k dh x;h FkhA